STAGE 4 OF 5

Reuse

The Fecal sludge treatment system generates two key end products: biosolids and treated water. Both offer opportunities for safe reuse and resource recovery.

End Products from Treatment

1

Biosolids

Dried sludge from planted drying beds, rich in nutrients, used as soil conditioner for agriculture.

Applications:

Soil amendment for agricultural fields
Compost ingredient for organic farming
Landscaping and horticulture
Land reclamation projects

Quality Standards:

Must meet pathogen reduction requirements
Heavy metal content within permissible limits
Proper drying and stabilization
Regular testing and certification

2

Treated Water

Liquid fraction from treatment, reusable for agricultural irrigation and landscaping purposes.

Applications:

Irrigation for non-food crops
Irrigation for food crops (with proper treatment)
Landscaping and green space maintenance
Groundwater recharge (where permitted)

Quality Standards:

Meets irrigation water quality standards
BOD and COD within acceptable limits
Pathogen levels meet safety requirements
Regular monitoring and testing

Benefits of Resource Recovery

Environmental Benefits

Reduces freshwater demand
Decreases chemical fertilizer dependency
Minimizes waste sent to landfills
Closes the sanitation loop sustainably
Reduces environmental pollution
Promotes circular economy principles

Economic Benefits

Revenue generation from biosolids sales
Reduced irrigation costs for farmers
Lower fertilizer expenses
Sustainable facility operations
Job creation in waste management
Cost recovery for treatment facilities

Safety Considerations

Safe reuse of treated products requires adherence to established guidelines and regular monitoring:

Follow national and state regulations for biosolids and treated water reuse
Implement proper handling and application procedures
Conduct regular quality testing and monitoring
Maintain proper documentation and traceability
Provide training to farmers and end-users
Ensure proper storage and transportation